Based on household data from the "Jàngandoo" education quality barometer collected from March to July 2019 and on the "COVID-19 and family" survey conducted in December 2020, this article compares the vulnerabilities faced by households before the pandemic and in the post-pandemic period. It analysis variations in household living conditions and in their financial, food, health and educational vulnerabilities of Dakar, Diourbel, Tambacounda and Ziguinchor in Senegal. The benefit of social protection in the same regions was also studied. It appears that COVID-19 is a major shock that has led to a decline in household living conditions from several angles affecting human capital. The southern and eastern regions (Ziguinchor and Tambacounda) were more affected, while the regions of Dakar and Diourbel were less exposed to the consequences of the pandemic. Inequities among regions persist, and COVID-19 has accentuated them. In addition to health interventions, the actions that should be undertaken are in the area of developing autonomous territorial poles to break the dependence on other geographical areas.